Прямой оффсет

Материал из Supply Chain Management Encyclopedia

(Различия между версиями)
Перейти к: навигация, поиск
Строка 2: Строка 2:
-
Usually, direct offset is defined as activities that are directly related to the defense products, aircrafts, other complex technical items, subjects of industrial/social infrastructure, or services sold to a foreign purchaser and that are effectuated to compensate partly technical and financial investment losses of the said purchaser.
+
Обычно прямой оффсет определяется как деятельность, которая непосредственно связана с товарами оборонного назначения, самолетами, прочими сложными техническими изделиями, объектами промышленной/социальной инфраструктуры, или услугами, продаваемыми иностранному закупщику и которая осуществляется для частичной компенсации технических и финансовых инвестиционных за трат указанного закупщика.
=='''List of Direct Offsets'''<ref> OECD, 2005, Measuring Globalisation: OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators, OECD, Paris - Glossary. - http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=7260</ref> <ref> BusinessDictionary - http://www.businessdictionary.com </ref> <ref> InvestorWords - http://www.investorwords.com </ref>==
=='''List of Direct Offsets'''<ref> OECD, 2005, Measuring Globalisation: OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators, OECD, Paris - Glossary. - http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=7260</ref> <ref> BusinessDictionary - http://www.businessdictionary.com </ref> <ref> InvestorWords - http://www.investorwords.com </ref>==

Версия 17:44, 2 июля 2014

English: Direct offset


Обычно прямой оффсет определяется как деятельность, которая непосредственно связана с товарами оборонного назначения, самолетами, прочими сложными техническими изделиями, объектами промышленной/социальной инфраструктуры, или услугами, продаваемыми иностранному закупщику и которая осуществляется для частичной компенсации технических и финансовых инвестиционных за трат указанного закупщика.

List of Direct Offsets[1] [2] [3]

Type of Direct Offset Definitions and Comments
INTERNATIONAL CO-PRODUCTION
  • Distributed-production arrangement in which different firms (often located in different countries) produce different parts of the same end product.
  • Engines, fuselage, tail-section, and wings of the Airbus, for example, are coproduced in different countries of the European Union; titanium elements of fuselage and landing gears are coproduced in Russia.
  • Coproduction may involve transfer of technology as well as of key personnel, especially in the early stages of the agreement.
INTERNATIONAL LICENSING
  • Agreement whereby an owner of a technological intellectual property (the licensor) allows another party (the licensee) to use, to modify, and/or to resell that property in exchange for a compensation (consideration).
  • The compensation may take the form of a
    • (1) lump sum royalty,
    • (2) royalty based on volume of production (called running royalty), or
    • (3) right to use licensee's technology (called cross licensing).
  • Through licensing of proprietary technology, small firms can earn substantial income from markets that they could not penetrate on their own, and large firms can have foreign affiliates without high financial and legal risks.
INTERNATIONAL SUBCONTRACTING
  • International subcontracting occurs when one firm, the prime manufacturer or contractor (“principal”), contracts with another firm, the subcontractor or “supplier”, for a given production cycle, one or more aspects of production design, processing or manufacture, or construction or maintenance work.
  • International subcontracting takes the form of an agreement, purchase order, or any such legal instrument issued under a prime contract (by the prime contractor to a third party the subcontractor), calling for the performance of a defined piece of work or production and/or delivery of specified goods or services.
  • Subcontracts contain special terms and conditions that are unique to the prime contract, and flow-down provisions that proceed from it.
  • The output is generally incorporated into the principal’s final products.
  • Subcontracting can also involve services, particularly studies, accounting, engineering, R&D, advertising, computer services or legal advice.
INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURING
  • A contractual agreement joining together two or more parties while one of them, as minimum, is a foreign party related to another(s), for the purpose of executing a particular business undertaking.
  • All parties agree to share in the profits and losses of the enterprise.


Библиографический список

  1. OECD, 2005, Measuring Globalisation: OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators, OECD, Paris - Glossary. - http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=7260
  2. BusinessDictionary - http://www.businessdictionary.com
  3. InvestorWords - http://www.investorwords.com
Личные инструменты
Our Partners